Elm (Tree)
Description
Elm trees (Ulmus species) are deciduous trees known for their distinctive vase-shaped canopy and serrated leaves with asymmetrical bases. About 35 species exist, native to temperate regions across North America, Europe, and Asia. Elms have long been popular as street and park trees for their graceful form and dense shade, though many populations have been devastated by Dutch elm disease. Common species include American elm (Ulmus americana), English elm (Ulmus procera), and Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia).
Allergy Symptoms
Elm pollen causes:
- Sneezing and runny or congested nose
- Itchy, watery, red eyes
- Coughing and throat irritation
- Asthma flare-ups and wheezing
Some people with elm allergies experience Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS) — itching or tingling in the mouth and throat from raw apples, peaches, and cherries. Cooking these foods usually eliminates the reaction.
Typical Pollination Period
Elm pollination varies by species:
- Spring-blooming elms: Many species release pollen from late winter to early spring (February to April), peaking in March
- Fall-blooming elms: Some species, like Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia), pollinate in late summer to early fall, potentially causing symptoms into November
Geographic Distribution
Elm trees grow across the Northern Hemisphere:
- North America: American elm and other species are common throughout the United States and Canada
- Europe: English elm and field elm grow across the continent
- Asia: Various species in temperate regions including China, Japan, and Southeast Asia
Tips for Allergy Sufferers
- Check pollen forecasts and stay indoors when counts are high
- Keep windows closed and use HEPA air purifiers
- Shower and change clothes after being outside
- Antihistamines or nasal corticosteroids can help — ask your doctor
- Note that some elm species pollinate in fall, not just spring
- For persistent symptoms, consider allergy testing or immunotherapy